What is the correct procedure when asking to give first aid to an injured person?

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The get-go dominion in first aid is to do no harm. This seems similar an obvious rule of thumb, but information technology is one that often goes against what every fiber in your body is telling you to do. In the event of astringent trauma to the head, cervix or spine, your instinct is to move the person into a more comfy position or get them to a safer area, but moving them can injure them to a greater extent. If the injured person is in immediate danger or is prepare to be placed in an ambulance and sent to the hospital, you tin "log roll" them onto a spinal board if you sympathize and can execute the procedure..

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   Look for signs of a spinal injury. If you suspect a spinal injury to the back or cervix of a person in need of assistance, practice not move him or her if at that place is no immediate need to (meet below for reasons). Assume an injured person has a spinal injury if: they are unconscious or losing consciousness; they complain of severe spinal pain (cervix of back); they can't motility their neck or limbs; they feel weakness or numbness in their limbs; they lose control of their bowel or bladder; their spine is positioned oddly of crooked; they've fallen from a significant height or been hit by something substantial.^[1]

   • Permanent paralysis and other serious life-threatening complications tin can result from moving a person with a spinal injury — fifty-fifty a balmy i initially.
   • Assume a spinal injury whenever a person is hit by a automobile or falls from a height greater than 10 feet. It's always amend to mistake on the side of caution.

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   Begin CPR if the injured person is not breathing. Regardless if yous think an injured person has a spinal injury or not, you need to administer CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) if they are unconscious and not breathing. If the injured person shows no signs of circulation (no wrist / neck pulse, breathing, coughing or movement), begin CPR immediately with at least 30 breast pumps and and then a couple of breaths into their oral fissure. However, don't tilt the caput back to open the airway (as is recommended with CPR) if you suspect a neck injury.^[two] Instead, use your fingers to gently grasp the jaw and lift it forrard before giving emergency breaths.

   • Echo this CPR bike (30 compressions / ii breaths) until resuscitated or until medical help arrives
   • If a person has no heart beat and is non breathing they are already considered dead, so resuscitating them is a college priority than avoiding a potentially worse spinal cord injury.
   • Earlier administering CPR, call 9-ane-1 or an emergency number to get medical assistance on the mode as soon as possible.

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   Administer basic showtime aid if the person is haemorrhage. If an injured person is bleeding, and so provide as much bones first assist as possible without moving their head or neck.^[3] Rinse away whatsoever dirt and debris from wounds with clean (preferably distilled) h2o. Put pressure level against any bleeding wounds with a clean (preferably sterilized) cloth or bandage. Get out whatsoever large puncture items in the wound every bit removing them may lead to much more than haemorrhage.

   • Splinting any broken bones should only be done past trained professionals or in cases where medical help may not exist available for long durations.
   • Keep the injured person warm (with a coating or a jacket) and hydrated to preclude or delay them going into shock.

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   Determine how many bystanders are available to log roll. If you decide the injured person absolutely needs to be rolled on their side in club to be moved or to forestall choking, then determine how many people are effectually who want to assist. The more people around (upward to five), the ameliorate considering more hands can stabilize the injured person while log rolling them and prevent unwanted spinal motion.^[four] If you're the just person to log roll, so you improve have an excellent reason to go along instead of waiting for paramedics to arrive.

   • A minimum of at least two people are needed to log roll an injured person in an emergency — one to stabilize the neck / caput, and one to stabilize the lower spine / pelvis.
   • Five or six people is the ideal number to log whorl in near situations in social club to stabilize the neck / head, artillery, low back / pelvis and legs.

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   Get positioned over the injured person. Whoever emerges as the leader should position themselves at the injured person's head (assuming they're already on their back) and coordinate the timing of the log roll. The person at the head stabilizes the neck (cervical spine) by firmly grasping the side of the head over the ears, lower jaw and at the base of the skull.^[5] Others should hold and stabilize the arms / thoracic spine, lumbar spine / pelvis and legs around the knees.

   • If the injured person is still conscious, proceed them however and assure them they're going to be okay to go along them calm.
   • If you have any towels, blankets or extra dress around, wrap them upwardly and place them on both sides of the neck to provide back up and prevent movement.^[6]
   • Explain to whatever inexperienced helpers what you lot're near to practise (log scroll) and how to do it. These uninjured volunteer helpers may also need some calming down.

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   Get the spinal board or sail / tarp set up. If yous are log rolling the injured person onto a spinal board or sheet / tarp in order to exist moved, then get it ready by positioning it right adjacent to the side you're planning on lifting off the footing. Remember that you'll need an extra person to push the spinal lath or canvas under the victim in one case they are on their side.

   • A helper who's stabilizing the injured person cannot let get earlier the log roll is complete.
   • Determine what side is best for the injured person to be rolled onto. This might be determined by the landscape of where the person has fallen or if they announced to take a broken arm of confused shoulder.
   • A spinal lath should be designed for carrying a person towards an ambulance. If you lot have to make i, make sure its apartment and can support at least a few hundred pounds — thick plywood works well.

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   Coordinate the log roll. The leader should coordinate the timing of the ringlet in one case everybody is in position and stabilizing their designated body segment. Denote on the count of 3 that everybody should slowly roll the person onto an agreed upon side (right or left). At the stop of the count, slowly roll the person without completely lifting them off the ground.^[7] Stop while they're on their side and don't let them roll onto their stomach, which can torque and extend the spinal cavalcade.

   • Ideally the victim'southward head and neck should remain in a straight line axis with the rest of their spine and pelvis during the log roll.
   • Research shows that it's best to go on a person's arms pinned against their sides (palms against their thighs) while log rolling them — information technology reduces spinal move.^[8]

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   Position the spinal lath / sheet underneath and lower the person. Once the injured person is on their side, have someone quickly push the spinal board or sheet directly underneath them. Position it so that the victim's body will completely cover the board and be every bit shut to its center as possible. The head and feet should eventually be secured to the spinal board (ideally), and then don't leave any of the body hanging over the edge. In one case the board or sail is properly positioned, whorl the person onto information technology carefully, beginning on the agreed upon count again.

   • The person at the top of the injured person should continue to hold the head and support the cervical spine until the emergency medical personnel arrive with a special immobilizing neck back up / collar.
   • The injured person tin now be transported to a waiting emergency vehicle (ambulance or helicopter) or away from danger.
   • At least two potent people are needed to lift and deport an injured person on a spinal board, although 4 is platonic.

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   Identify a spinal board underneath. A log whorl involves partially rolling a person (usually from their back to their side) so that a long spinal board tin can be wedged underneath them.^[9] In one case the spinal board is underneath the injured person and they are laying on their dorsum, they can be lifted by paramedics and carried to an ambulance or other emergency send vehicle. Transporting a person on a spinal board minimizes motility to their spine and reduces hazard of further injury if they have a spinal injury.

   • The log roll evidently involves some movement to the spine, but it'southward the safest way to transfer a person onto a spinal board if there is but a few people available.
   • If there's at least v other people around able to help you, doing a half-dozen-person lift procedure onto a spinal lath is considered a footling safer than a log roll due to less impact on the spinal cavalcade.^[10]

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   Use a sheet to transport. Another reason to log ringlet an injured / unconscious person is to remove them from firsthand danger or threat of further injury if they remained in the same spot. If emergency medical personnel aren't present with a spinal board and you need to transport a person abroad from danger, log whorl them to the side and place a sturdy sail, coating, tarp etc. nether them, then lift it and carry it with the injured person on their back.

   • You'll need at to the lowest degree ane other person to assistance you carry it and preferably three others.
   • Reasons to move an injured person before paramedics go far include: proximity to fire, exposure to common cold, take chances of flooding, surrounding violence and/or potential danger from animals.
   • If you lot're all alone with an injured person and admittedly need to motion them, then place a canvass / tarp nether them and drag information technology along the footing towards prophylactic — it's not ideal, but probable the all-time method.

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   Prevent choking on vomit or claret. Some other reason to log roll an injured / unconscious person is to foreclose them from choking on their own blood or vomit.^[11] People who bite their tongue or lose teeth during an accident or trauma have a significant take chances of choking on their blood, peculiarly if they're unconscious and laying on their back. The aforementioned holds true for airsickness, which is a mutual occurrence when you feel severe pain and have lots of adrenaline all of a sudden released into your bloodstream.

   • Rolling a person onto their side allows for all liquids (blood, vomit, mucus, saliva) to safely bleed from their oral cavity, instead of downwardly their trachea and into their lungs.
   • A person positioned on their side is also less likely to seize with teeth their natural language or choke on it, compared to laying on their back (supine).

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• If you're merely trying to preclude choking on blood or vomit, then motion the injured person'southward downward arm forwards to prevent them from rolling forward and prop folded towels / blankets / clothes or something heavy backside them to forestall rolling onto their dorsum again.

• If the injured person is an athlete, always leave their helmet and shoulder pads on (if applicable) during a log roll.

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